GroupM's Rob Norman Presents a Taxonomy for Video Advertising

The taxonomy below is a hierarchy, in descending order, from television as we have known it, through to those video advertising experiences that most resemble television's ability to carry video advertising, to those that represent a new video paradigm.

It makes no reference to scale but has significant suggestions, most notably that the longer the duration of the "container" or program, the more likely it is to be viewed with "sound on" as a default and represent an appropriate ad-to-content value exchange with the consumer. Longer content is a better carriage vehicle for all but the most electrifyingly compelling ad experiences. By extension, those wondering about, or encouraging, the migration of TV dollars to "digital" might pause and consider what it is they are actually asking for.

A Taxonomy for Video

Group 1: TV or "As TV"

• TV: A linear viewing stream with interruptive commercials, default sound on
• On demand and time shifted TV: A linear viewing stream with interruptive commercials, default sound on
• Digital TV: A linear over-the-top viewing stream of TV program content, full length, sound on; with interruptive commercials – the so called full episode player, default sound on (Hulu, Fox Now, Watch ESPN)
• Web video destinations:Shorter (but getting longer) form video; desktop or mobile; mix of sound on or off, with commercials that are often skippable (YouTube Preferred)

Group 2: "As TV" Assuming a View Duration Standard

• In app video: Mobile, user initiated, with a content container, sound on when initiated (YouTube mobile, The New York Times)
• Web video: In stream user initiated, desktop dominated, mix of sound on and off. (AOL, Yahoo etc.)
• Outstream video: Mostly desktop, some mobile, autoplay, mix of sound on or off (Teads)

Group 3: Requiring a New Class of Creative Assets

• Vertical video: Short form with or without a content container, default (mostly) sound on (Snapchat Discover and Live Stories, Twitter Moments)
• Feed-based video: Mobile, autoplay, without a content "container," default sound off (Facebook, Twitter Timeline)

Group 4: Advertising Not Welcome Here (Yet)

• SVOD: Streaming video on demand, often subscriber paid and often commercial-free (Netflix, HBO Go, Amazon Instant Video), default sound on

For advertisers this is a relevant taxonomy and one that might guide both them and their agency partners in both the development of creative assets and media plans. It presents a clear case (as they might say in some of Cannes' more traditional restaurants) of horses for courses. Running "conventional" 30-second TV ads in feed shows a similar lack of foresight as running radio ads on TV. It won't work and tests will only prove that the best possible outcome is some level of brand recall and minimal understanding of the intended communication.

In the Medium Term Three Dominant Scenarios May Play Out

1. TV and "As TV" experiences; which commercials as we know them will persist and in which the money will follow the audience. It will evolve; much will be skippable and creativity will either shorten or seek an earlier "hook."
2. A middle ground of mostly short form commercial content which will be traded with guarantees on view duration and "sound on" consumption and, with those guarantees, will be "As TV." GroupM's current standard applies here; a verified human exposure to 100 of the video window with audio on and 50% of the ad viewed.
3. An entirely new creative class that recognizes both the constraints (time and attention) and the opportunity (scale and sharing) of the feed. Perhaps those use cases will be focused on the animation of the static images we associate with print rather than a compression of "traditional" video.

Of course hybrids will evolve. Feeds will pursue longer and sometimes exclusive "As TV" video. Digital TV and web TV will embrace new and more interactive ad formats; linear TV will experiment with reducing ad loads in a hope for retention of audience.

This all seems straightforward enough but demands an improvement in measurement both within and across the categories of video described. Among the most desirable measures we might hold "views" as the lowest possible bar. Not for the first time we appeal to the industry broadly to think about cohorts of users from heavy to light, cohort demographics and behaviors and time spent with both content and commercials among each cohort. In addition codifying "downstream" behaviors like engagement will become increasingly valuable as the advertiser continues to pursue the dual goals of reach and effectiveness.

With that we have a market we can address with media allocation and creative rigor; we can focus on making ads that fit the environment in which they appear and raise the bar (not uncommon in Cannes) of consumer experience and advertiser return on investment.

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